Different types of refrigerants pdf

They are also given a flammability classification, indicated by a 1 no flammability, 2 low flammability, or 3. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil n low cost ammonia n has good heat transfer properties n not miscible with oil n but n toxic n flammable n corrosive to. The most common types of refrigerants in use nowadays are presented below. Many different refrigerants have been used in the past and are in use today with good ability to transfer heat from one place to another. Below is our list, nicely organized by style, feature and finish. Color codes of refrigerants easy recognize gas cylinder different refrigerant has different color coding few examples are given below. Knowing the temperature difference across the coils, the amperage, and the airflow all give the technician vital information.

It is responsible for capturing heat and then releasing it to another space by using the thermodynamic phenomena of phase changes wherein fluid changes into gas. Refrigerants and the refrigeration system determine the pressures. Considerations for next generation hvac refrigerants. Technicians are required to pass an epaapproved test to earn section 608 technician certification. Section v provides a quick reference list of low gwp and natural refrigerants that may be used for air conditioning, heatingonly heat pumps, and. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their familiar r numbers are assigned according to certain rules. Comparison of characteristics of some refrigerants 17 table 5. Epa cfc 608 test fast pace hvac study lecture type 1 2 3 refrigerant recovery, recycle, reclaim duration. Didion proceedings of ashraenist refrigerants conference. The third generation o f refrigerants includes che mical groups, s uch as hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, that do not damage the ozo ne layer as that wa s the perceived environ mental danger at the t. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Downing, prenticehall tradeoffs in refrigerant selections.

Freon was a brand name for a refrigerant r12 by dupont. In spite of their usefulness, refrigerants also contribute to global warming. Simulate your system with the right refrigerant and export the results to excel. The relative dielectric strength of different refrigerant vapors are shown below. The most common refrigerant in the past was a cfc, most commonly called as freon. In fact, from the thermodynamic or heatcarrying standpoint, differences among refrigerants with similar. Below is a list of the different oil types for the different refrigerants in our units. Toxicity is the ability of a substance to be harmful or lethal to humans.

Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. Refrigerants are substances, often in liquid form that are used in a refrigeration cycle to cool a certain space. Edge guidance document for refrigerant selection to reduce. Always check the compressor manufactures recommendations for oil on any other type of cooling unit. In the second part of the paper about refrigerants, past present and future of refrigerants and suitable applications will be discussed, with emphasis on natural refrigerants. The following is a list of refrigerants with their type prefix, ashrae designated numbers. Figure 1 shows the different types of refrigeration systems. I think the feature section is the most interesting for instance i had no idea there was a refrigerator that brewed kcup coffee. This information is provided free of charge and is based on the technical data provided by regulatory. The performance of the automotive airconditioning system for the three types of refrigerants, r4a, r290, and r1234yf, at different operating conditions was studied by navarro et al.

The extent of segregation depends on the particular azeotrope and hardware system configuration. R22 light green r4a light sky blue r404a orange the name label of the gases are given on the cylinder. The dielectric strength of different refrigerant vapors is compared with the dielectric strength of nitrogen and ratio of two is termed as relative dielectric strength. Refrigerants that commonly used mineral oils were your cfc and hcfc refrigerants such as r12, r22, and r502. Applications and refrigerant types in a future where gwp values are decreasing due to phase downs and energy efficiency demands meps are increasing, hvacr professionals will focus on using components which allow for the lowest possible charge and on technologies with the best costperformance for a given refrigerant type. In the early days of mechanical refrigeration different types of refrigerants were used, viz. In the chemical and petrochemical industry the schemes are not so different, but they differ in the extent of cooling capacity, a variety of refrigerants and temperatures used a cold. It was concluded that a significant improvement in a compressor and volumetric efficiencies was obtained with r290 compared with r4a. Designation and safety classification of refrigerants. The compressor compresses the refrigerant, which flows to the condenser, where it gets cooled. The compressors are one of the most important parts of the refrigeration cycle. A large fraction typically, about 80 % of practical refrigerators are of vapour compression type and.

Global warming potential of various refrigerants 18 table 6. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. However, the use of r152a and r32 is limited because of flammability. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. They are grouped into class a or b, depending on their toxicity level. Present a comparison between different refrigerants section 26. In this study, performance of different refrigerants like r600a, r4a, r290, r1270, r32, r22, and r152a, in vapor compression refrigeration cycles and heat pumps was investigated. How are primary and secondary refrigerants different. In the hvac industry, refrigerants are used in various equipment such as air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. A number of materials have physical and thermodynamic properties suitable for their use as refrigerants. For years our industry has embraced a variety of refrigerants and operating pressures to address the many different applications and compressor types in the hvac industry.

Recovery of refrigerants from mvacs and white goodssmall appliances determine the type of refrigerant and the amount of refrigerant charge from the nameplate on the small appliance or mvac. Epa regulations 40 cfr part 82, subpart f under section 608 of the clean air act require that technicians who maintain, service, repair, or dispose of equipment that could release refrigerants into the atmosphere must be certified. The tables contained on this page list approved refrigerant numbers from ansiashrae 342019, designation and safety classification of refrigerants, the latest edition of standard 34, which describes a shorthand way of naming refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers. Common refrigerants are frequently referred to as freona registered trademark of chemours. Find out what are the different types of refrigerants that are in common use and how they can impact the environment in terms of ozone or global warming. In the following section, different groups of refrigerants are discussed, some examples are given and their fields of application are described. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. Due to the change in refrigerant use, you may encounter new refrigerants, old refrigerants, and blends of older refrigerants as well as different oils in the field. There are 2 different types of air conditioning refrigerant currently used in residential cooling systems. Product information sorted by product type and name type product r number odp1 gwp2 cfc 12 1 high 10900 high 502 0,33 high 4657 high hcfc 22 0,055 medium 1810 medium 123 0,060 medium 77 low 401a 0,033 medium 1182 medium 401b 0,036 medium 1288 medium 402a 0,019. The grand total came up to 28 different types of refrigerators, which is about double what i expected when starting this huge research guide. The following is a list of refrigerantswith their type prefix, ashraedesignated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetimein years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potentialover a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure limitin parts per million volume per volume over a time. Types of refrigerants and their environmental impact.

Refrigerants containing chlorine or bromine contribute to the breakdown of the ozone layer see figure 5. Today, a wide range of different types of refrigeration compressors is used, such as reciprocating piston, scroll, screw and vanecompressor. Although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants. There are various types of compressors used in the refrigeration and air conditioning machines, these are. Assessed without accessing the systems refrigerant piping to. Addendum c to ansiashrae standard 342001 3 a the molecular mass and normal boiling point are not part of this standard. Comparison of various refrigerants r410a, r22, r290, r. To enable the use of smaller compressors and other equipment the refrigerant should have smaller vapor density. These naming conventions differ according to the type of refrigerant. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5.

List of hcfc refrigerants the table below details a wide list of hcfc refrigerants that are subject to regulations driven by the montreal protocol. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Linde does not sell all of the products detailed below. It was banned in 1994 due to it harming the ozone layer. Physicochemical properties of various refrigerants 20 table 8. Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances. R 22 use mineral oil, mixing of poe is acceptable however it is preferred to use the oil that the original charge used. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat. Further information can be found in the latest version of standard 34, available. Modern equipment that uses refrigerants includes acs, cooling systems, freezers, and refrigerators.

Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. For example, the classification of halogen refrigerants derived from saturated hydrocarbons and consisting of only one substance is illustrated in fig. Thermal performance analysis of lowgwp refrigerants in. There are many kinds of refrigerant and or refrigerant on the market today, but only a few that are widely used. To prevent mixing different types of refrigerants, use hand held refrigerant identifiers, if available. What are the most common types of refrigerant today. Depending on whether they include chemical elements hydrogen h, carbon c, chlorine cl and florine f they are named after as follows. Mineral oils can also be used with other refrigerants such as ammonia or some hydrocarbons as well. Challenges of high and low pressure for next generation refrigerants. Refrigerants for vapour compression refrigeration systems.

It breaks down and reacts with ozone molecules in accordance with the equation above repeatedly until. While there is no perfect refrigerant, the chart shows that hcfc123 r123, hfc152a r152a and hfc32 r32 strike a good balance between odp, gwp and efficiency. The flood of the airconditioner, that is, the refrigerants, their properties, merits and demerits are summarized to map the various types and their classifications. The classification of refrigerants into different groups is due to their chemical composition. R22, commonly referred to a freon and r410a, a blend considered to be more environmentally friendly, sometimes called puron.