As most foreign or second language teachers eslefl hereinafter will attest, and as classroom research indicates, the innluence of the irst language l1 hereinafter is either noticeably or subtly evident in the second language l2 hereinafter classroom sheen, 1996. A rainbow of topics and theoretical stances promises much stimulation to a wide readership. Susan m gass and larry selinker eds language transfer. Each chapter of this volume offers background, stepbystep guidance, and relevant studies to create comprehensive coverage of each method. For selinker acquiring a second language is different from acquiring a first language, so there is no child language but interlanguage as the original mechanism for learning lateralization. As with previous editions, discussion questions and problems at the end of each chapter.
Variability in learner language distinguishes between free variation, which has not been shown to be systematically related to accompanying linguistic or social features, and systematic variation, which has. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research. Interlanguage was the theoretical construct which underlay. She is the authoreditor of numerous books, has served as the president of the american association for. The center for advanced research on language acquisition. Furthermore, selinker proposed that interlanguage is based on three basic principles.
It is old in the sense that scholars, for centuries, have been fascinated by the questions posed by the nature of foreign language learning and language teaching. Jan 01, 2003 the handbook of second language acquisition lives up to its name. Selinker adopts lennebergs claim of the existence of a latent language structure which contains the universal grammar ug and is both innate and constrained by maturity. The purpose of second language acquisition is to provide a larger view of theoretical issues concerning second language learning that is to say, the study of the way in which people learn a language other than their mother tongue. An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or l2 which preserves some features of their first language or l1, and can also overgeneralize some l2 writing and speaking rules. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Pdf approaching the language of the second language learner. Second language acquisition and second language learning cover.
The expanded third edition of this comprehensive introduction to sla builds on. According to the former, there must be a second language l2 device which would be held responsible for second language acquisition sla. The redesigned fourth edition of second language acquisition retains the features that students found useful in the current edition but also provides new pedagogical tools that encourage students to reflect upon the experiences of second language learners. The effects of achievement level and response mode in programmed instruction on foreign language learning. Second language transfer during third language acquisition 4 like forms, and address neither the potentially facilitative role of the native language nor other l1 effects that are not productionrelated such as the development of comprehension ability or differences in length of time needed for target language acquisition. He is now preparing a 40plus year fossilization study. The interlanguage rules are claimed to be shaped by several factors, including l1transfer, previous learning strategies, strategies of l2 acquisition i. There is evidence to support the claim that second language acquisition sla is a complex adaptive system due to its inherent ability to adapt to different conditions pre sent in both internal and external environments. Gass s l selinker 1994 second language acquisition an introductory course from slp 604 at long island university.
Stephen krashens widely known and wellaccepted theory of second language acquisition, has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s. Gass, larry selinker the new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Second language acquisition and second language learning. Introduction unlike some earlier theories about language learning, krashens theory on second language acquisition sla has been stated in simple language in words the majority of teachers can understand, and uses examples from. Larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, skip to content. This book, which includes 12 chapters by distinguished researchers in the field of second language acquisition, traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early role within a contrastive analysis framework to its current position within universal. Attitude and aptitude in second language acquisition and learning 19 3. These two characteristics of an interlanguage result. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view. Feedback for language transfer errors studies in second.
She has conducted research in a wide variety of subareas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction. A study on whether the adults second academy publication. A practical guideis an informative guide to research design and methodology for graduate students and scholars. May 06, 2019 larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker. Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4. In the third edition, gass and selinkers overview of the field of sla continues to be encyclopedic. Reviewed by eva ndfiezmendez, hope college, 263 college ave. This approach might language learning theory and practice. Second language acquisition sla refers both to the study of individuals and groups who are learning a language after that they learn their first one as young children, and to the process of learning that language. The field of second language learning is old and new at the same time. Based on this understanding, widely discussed second language theo. New chapters cover child language acquisition first and second, universal grammar, and instructed language learning. Gass s l selinker 1994 second language acquisition an. Article pdf available in modern language journal 811 march 1997 with 8,344 reads.
An introductory course is required reading as part of the tesol program at msu, and is an indispensable condensed guide to the hundreds of research articles on topics such as child language acquisition, interlanguage data and processes, sla and linguistics, universal grammar, input, interaction and. A philosophy of second language acquisition on jstor. Errors due to the influence of the native language. Selinkers five fossilization process steps overgeneralization. Towards an integrated view of language acquisition.
Theory of second language acquisition the first area we will discuss will be the central focus of this volume, second language acquisition theory. Library of congress cataloging in publication data. The new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition. The utterances which will be produced will not be identical to those.
At that time, it was stated that, in attempting to understand the phenomenon of second language learning, the field was at a stage where there existed an inability to unambiguously identify the phenomena we wish to study selinker 1969. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a dormant. First published 2009 by hodder education published 20 by routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon ox14 4rn 711 third avenue, new york, ny, 10017, usa. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. Updating the interlanguage hypothesis studies in second. Jan 27, 2019 larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker. Gass input, interaction, and the second language learner 1997 gasssorace selinker second language learning data analysis, second edition 1998 mackeygass second language research. Research methods in second language acquisition wiley. Language acquisition research and the interlanguaye teacher. Selinker s five fossilization process steps overgeneralization. Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. Second language acquisition presentation script slide 1. Second language acquisition naturalistic, instructed, or both has long been a common activity for a majority of the human species and is becoming ever more vital as second languages themselves.
Whmovement in the acquisition of a second language. If only 5% of adult language learners attain nativelike fluency in a second language, clearly teachers and researchers should be concerned. Selinker s 1972 interlanguage proposal lies at the heart of linguistic approaches to adult second language acquisition, especially subsumed under the theory of universal grammar. Oct 27, 2019 does typological proximity really matter. Selinker s paper only mentioned corders in passing, but it nevertheless advanced his basic argument. Second language acquisition an introductory course taylor. Originally coined by selinker 1972, the term fossilization has seen many interpretations and redefinitions. The handbook of second language acquisition wiley online books. The native language of learners plays a significant role in learning a second language. Gasss illustration of input in second language acquisition was brought forth in 1988 and. As developed today, second language acquisition theory can be viewed as a part of theoretical linguistics, i. On may 10, 2011, students from professor zhaohong hans advanced second language acquisition sla class in spring 2011 had the honor of attending an invited seminar in which professor larry selinker, was the honorary speaker. Second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. Focusonform and corrective feedback in communicative language teaching.
After presenting a series of basic definitions concerning the study of sla 116, the authors look at interlanguage data in. Language acquisition language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native languages before they are five years old children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents in part because parents dont consciously know the many of the rules of grammar. This emphasized the importance of environmental factors and first language. What is the logical problem of foreign language learning. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Methods to predict the acquisition of both syntactic and morphological features are suggested, along with an empiricallybased method to guide explicit.
Fossilization in adult second language acquisition. English language teaching june, 2008 129 second language acquisition. Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreignlanguage learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Jan 31, 2008 the new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. When learning a second language means losing the first. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition. This figure is in sharp contrast to the 95% success rate in first language acquisition.
The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate of graduate students. Yet they are part of a seemingly universal developmental sequence for second language acquisition of english questions. Most downloaded articles language learning styles and strategies. Therefore, any other language apart from the first language is called a second language sl or also referred to as a target language tl. Understanding second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. Human cognition in acquisition researchers believe that developmental sequences in second language acquisition result from cognitive processes in the human brain. Second language acquisition, it is the process of learning any language after the first language whether it is the second, third or fourth language. The first public presentation of the ideas leading up to the interlanguage il hypothesis occurred a decade ago at the second international congress of applied linguistics selinker 1969. Methodology and design 2005 gass selinker second language acquisition.
On routines and patterns in language acquisition and performance 83 8. Gass and others published second language acquisition. This article may require cleanup to meet wikipedias quality standards. Second language transfer during third language acquisition. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. The neurological correlates of language acquisition. Language learners are expected to get the target language input from these two skills. Second language acquisition is driven by essentially the same set. As teachers of second language learners, we must have a basic working knowledge base regarding the process that language learners go through to learn a second language. Interlanguage il is a theory that is located within the frame of second language acquisition sla or foreign. Classroom foreign language learning and language variation.
The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. A resource for changing teachers professional cultures. Pdf second language acquisition an introductory course. It retains slas comprehensive coverage of the field and its unique work with second language data samples while incorporating substantial uptodate additions.
Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. Second language acquisition, applied linguistics about larry selinker helped found the field of second language acquisition, suggesting early on selinker, 1972, the robust concepts of interlanguage and fossilization, and conducting one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research. Introduction the goal of this chapter is to examine the claims that second language l2 learners acquire knowledge of a l2 in a fixed order in stark contrast to behaviorist accounts of sla. Pdf second language acquisition an introductory course 4th. Interlanguage and its manifestations in translation. Jul 15, 2019 interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Gass and selinker 2001 state that even though the input from listening and reading alone is not enough in language acquisition, input is needed for second language learning foreign languages. To study the psychological processes involved one can compare the interlanguage utterances of the learner with two things. Interlanguage and the natural route of report second. The negative transfer of l1 is what the behaviorists believe to be proactive inhibition. Selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found. A study on whether the adults second language acquisition is easy or notfrom the perspective of childrens native language acquisition fei deng school of foreign languages, sichuan university of arts and science, dazhou, sichuan, china qin zou institute of foreign languages education, guizhou normal university, guiyang, guizhou, china. In an easytoread, accessible style, it provides students with information about the scope of the field, but also provides background information on related areas such as first language acquisition. Relating theory and practice in adult second language acquisition 100 9.
An introductory course presents the most balanced, grounded, and accessible introduction to a broad field and a new, updated, and expanded edition is most welcome. Stephen krashens theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses. Input not only plays a role in models of second language acquisition, such as gasss 1988 gasss, 20 and leows 2015leows, 2019 as discussed in section 2. Much research in recent years has directly addressed the what, how, and why of transfer and fossilization, yet these are not unique to adult l2 learners, but can also be found in other bilingual situations. This work is a revised edition of the text first published in 1994. The first source is interference from the native language while the second source can be attributed to intralingual and developmental factors. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found. Original and controversial,a philosophy of second language acquisition. He first introduced interlanguage in his 1972 paper of the same name, which built on pit corders 1967 article the significance of learners errors. Larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker.
445 1436 862 1320 278 1166 639 826 913 784 1591 711 117 838 907 1628 437 27 1337 685 211 8 680 1497 656 712 1417 359 807 891 1085 1432 1454 451 195 1067 1483 125 1559 620 131 778 1147 1306 66 342